Nascot and Park Essay Example for Free

Nascot and Park Essay How do the land use, lodging and ecological quality in Tudor, Callowland, Nascot and Park wards of Watford influence the general attractive quality of the wards? I will currently talk about essential information with respect to the four wards, and not to incorporate any auxiliary information, including enumeration information or investigated information from the Internet. A shading coded guide will give a simple visual report of the dissemination and division of different lodging types, also a where woodlands and parks are spread out, and connect that to the natural nature of every one of the four wards. I will disk each ward independently and afterward finish up it in a last passage toward the finish of this area. The closing passage will contain diagrams and outlines to help upgrade the examinations. Obviously while examining the allure of some place, you need to consider who it is for. For instance, an understudy would not live in a 5 room isolates house. PARK WARD This was the main ward visited and because of the way this was the first occasion when I had visited these wards, this ward has left a space in my brain of my initial introduction of Watford. We started north up Hempstead street and brought a left into Stratford way, where our hands on work started. Little confined lodging secured this territory. The field sketch beneath gives you how close the houses limits are, just as the style and age of the houses. At the point when we were at the intersection of Stratford Way and Parkside Drive, the principal ecological quality study was taken. The outcomes have been classified inside the examination and finishing up passage toward the finish of this area. We at that point took a right, and headed up Parkside Drive, considering that we were on the limit of confined lodging and the Cassiobury Park. As we proceeded up Parkside Drive, we were gone up against with semi-confined lodging following Richmond Drive on the correct hand side. Semi-Detached lodging could now be seen on either roadside. We were because of take the following transforming on the correct which drove us into Langley Way. On the intersection of Langley Way and Parkside Drive, the second natural quality study was taken. As we transformed up into Langley Way, we saw semi-withdrew lodging on either roadside until Richmond street on the right, and until Bellmount Wood Avenue on the left. The surge of isolates lodging proceeded from that point onwards. We continued up Langley Way, until we met an indirect which split Langley Way and Cassiobury Drive. Our first locating of nearby shops were seen on the contrary side of the indirect, this is shaded in RED on the shading coded map. Other than these couple of shops and a bar on the left hand side, disconnected lodging was surrounding us. We contined up Langley Way until Devereux Drive was seen at a 90 edge to Langley Way. We continued left were as yet encircled by confined lodging. At the highest point of Devereux Drive, we could see that the further up we went, the more trees and greenery were to be seen behind the houses, and at the highest point of the street, we took a trail left which drove us into Rough Wood. We followed the pathway round until we came into Glen Way, which was the place we ran over our first sightings of terraced houses. The third and last ecological quality study for this ward was taken here. We followed Glen Way round to one side and hit the primary street called Hempstead Road where we crossed onto the opposite side and took a left until we ran over Rosecroft Drive on the correct hand side. Where we left Glen Way and entered Hempstead Road, was the outskirt between the two wards, Park and Nascot. So in rundown, Park ward contains little withdrew houses in a quiet environment and all around avoided the occupied Hempstead Road. Despite the fact that Cassiobury Drive, Parkside Drive and Woodland Drive are the three principle streets of Park ward, they don't experience issues of traffic which leaves Park ward as a quiet and family-accommodating region. The huge park inside the ward will inconclusively add to the property costs as property costs are firmly founded on the spot, area, area, and because of the way that they are segregated, this leaves a decent picture in my psyche of my initial introduction of Watford. Nascot Ward As we started our excursion down Hempstead Road and into Rosecroft Drive, we saw that despite the fact that Hempstead Road is occupied, the houses inside Rosecroft Drive and the encompassing street were genuinely huge separated houses. At the intersection of The Ridgeway, and Rosecroft Drive, the primary natural quality study of this ward was taken, which got good grades when considering its area close to a very bustling street. We at that point brought a directly down The Ridgeway, and saw how the houses were in acceptable keep and genuinely enormous. The street we were in (The Ridgeway) was genuinely calm and in great condition because of the way that rough terrain/private stopping was accessible. The field sketch underneath, shows a run of the mill house inside Nascot ward.

Mrsa Essay Example

Mrsa Essay MRSA: An advancing â€Å"super-bug† scourge MRSA represents Methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and is a bacterial contamination that is profoundly impervious to certain anti-microbials. To put it plainly, anti-toxins have been utilized since the 40s to stop the development of microorganisms. Be that as it may, the more anti-toxins are utilized, the speedier the microbes become impervious to it while every year more sorts of microscopic organisms adjust and get impervious to anti-toxins. With MRSA being so impervious to a large number of the anti-toxins, grouping it as a â€Å"super-bug†, it makes treatment of skin contaminations and intrusive inside diseases considerably more confused. This prompts numerous yearly passings. Truth be told, MRSA measurements show that more beyond words year from MRSA contaminations than the AIDS infection. Etiology: MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus microscopic organisms, which is otherwise called the bacterial sickness. It is additionally restoratively known as S. aureus and is a typical kind of microbes that ordinarily live on the skin and in some cases in the nasal entries of sound individuals. This S. aureus strain doesn't react to a portion of the anti-infection agents used to treat bacterial sicknesses. The microbes can cause disease when they enter the body through a cut, sore, catheter, or breathing cylinder or essentially when it comes into contact with the skin. The disease can be as minor as a cut or pimple or it very well may be increasingly genuine when it includes the heart or lungs. Be that as it may, genuine bacterial sicknesses are progressively regular in individuals with feeble insusceptible frameworks, for example, the old or the individuals who are as of now wiped out and hospitalized. MRSA contaminations are assembled into two sorts dependent on their causative elements. In Healthcare-related MRSA (HA-MRSA) contaminations, individuals who are or have as of late been in an emergency clinic or social insurance office are influenced. We will compose a custom paper test on Mrsa explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Mrsa explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Mrsa explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A huge level of medical clinic obtained bacterial sicknesses are identified with MRSA microscopic organisms. Then again, Community-related MRSA (CA-MRSA) contaminations happen in individuals who have not as of late been in the medical clinic inside the previous year. This kind of disease has happened among competitors who share hardware or individual things and kids in childcare offices. Individuals from the military and the individuals who get tattoos are likewise in danger. A companion of mine obtained MRSA from a hot tub at an inn resort while in the midst of a get-away. This is additionally why it is imperative to cover can seats while utilizing an open bathroom or clean the rec center hardware when you use it. Page 2 Epidemiology: MRSA has become a developing concern. Research demonstrates that this fierce microscopic organisms is developing quickly and cases even outside human services offices are expanding. Upwards of 1. 2 million U. S. emergency clinic patients are contaminated with MRSA every year, which is very nearly multiple times more than recently evaluated. As per the Centers for Disease Control, in the year 2005, MRSA was liable for an expected 94,000 intrusive dangerous contaminations and near 19,000 passings. In the only us, there were an estimated12 million specialist or emergency clinic visits for skin and delicate tissue contaminations suspected to be brought about by staph aureus in the year 2003. The latest measurements show that 20% of circulatory system diseases in medical clinics are presently brought about by MRSA. The regular reason for this developing infection is that clinic staff who don't follow legitimate sterile methodology move the microbes from patient to quiet. A few medical clinics screen for MRSA and seclude such patients, yet most US emergency clinics don't yet do this. Then again, insights show that as emergency clinic related MRSA is declining to because of improved safety measures, network related MRSA is on the ascent. As of not long ago, medical clinics were the most probable spot that individuals would get MRSA, yet now the greatest MRSA wellbeing hazard is identified with network gained MRSA. As per the Journal of the American Medical Association, CA-MRSA has become the most continuous reason for skin and delicate tissue contaminations in the United States. The CDC reports that in 2007, 14% of individuals with MRSA diseases had CA-MRSA. Pathogenesis: The most widely recognized side effects of MRSA start with a red, swollen, and excruciating territory on the skin. It is encouraged to perceive these signs and counsel a specialist when these side effects emerge. You should watch out for minor skin issues, for example, pimples, creepy crawly nibbles, cuts and scratches (particularly in youngsters) and see a specialist if the injuries become contaminated. Different manifestations and signs that the contamination is creating incorporate seepage of discharge or different liquids from the site, fever, skin abscesses, and warmth around the tainted region. Side effects of increasingly genuine MRSA cases that demonstrate the disease has spread incorporate chest torment, chills, hack, weariness, general sick inclination (discomfort), cerebral pain, muscle throbs, rash, and brevity of breath. The hazard factors for the two distinct strains of MRSA vary. In the medicinal services related MRSA, the hazard is clearly expanded for old patients and the individuals who are wiped out with debilitated insusceptible frameworks. The danger of MRSA is likewise higher among patients who have an intrusive clinical gadget embedded, for example, IVs and catheters. These give a pathway to MRSA to get into the body. MRSA is additionally progressively pervasive in nursing homes. Bearers of MRSA can Page 3 spread it regardless of whether theyre not wiped out or show indications of disease. Regarding people group procured MRSA, those at higher hazard incorporate individuals who take an interest in physical games since it spreads effectively through slices and scraped spots and skin-to-skin contact. Additionally, are those living in swarmed or unsanitary conditions. Flare-ups of MRSA have happened in military preparing camps, youngster care focuses, and imprisons. It is likewise said that gay men are at higher danger of creating MRSA diseases. Demonstrative apparatuses and methods: After a specialist suspects MRSA, they will send an example of tissue or a culture from the injury territory or potentially nasal emission to a lab. The example is put in a dish of supplements that empower bacterial development. It takes around 48 hours for the microbes to develop so as to screen the outcomes. Be that as it may, more up to date tests still in investigate stages, can identify staph DNA very quickly are presently getting all the more broadly accessible. These new techniques test for a quality that gives protection from the anti-infection agents Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxacillin and other comparable anti-microbials. Atomic tests for MRSA screening can possibly distinguish nasal or twisted carriage inside hours rather than days required by culture, which at that point evokes the danger of MRSA related entanglements. On the off chance that either a culture or a sub-atomic test is certain for MRSA, at that point the individual is determined to have MRSA at the site that was tried. There are a few conditions that can emulate MRSA before the zone is tried for the microbes. A portion of the side effects related with MRSA are likewise connected with a yeast contamination, diaper rash, skin inflammation, dermatitis, an ingrown hair, and bed injuries. Treatment: As expressed by the U. S. Habitats for Disease Control and Prevention: First-line treatment for gentle abscesses is entry point and waste. Specialists will deplete the influenced hair as well as trim out the skin zone that is influenced by MRSA. This forestalls development and spread. Luckily, most MRSA still can likewise still be treated by specific anti-infection agents. The CDC additionally states: If anti-infection treatment is clinically shown, it ought to be guided by the weakness profile of the life form. At the point when the tests are raced to verify that the Staph microorganisms secluded from a given patient are Methicillin safe, these tests additionally give data about which anti-infection agents can effectively slaughter the microbes (its powerlessness profile). Penicillin was once utilized as a compelling anti-to xin treatment against the staph microscopic organisms, yet in the wake of utilizing it for only a Page multi decade, half of the staph microbes got impervious to the anti-microbial. Presently under 10% of bacterial sicknesses will react to the Penicillin. Today, specialists use Vancomycin, which is an a lot more grounded and progressively harmful anti-infection. Generally moderate to serious contaminations should be treated by intravenous anti-microbials, typically given in the medical clinic setting. Guess: Since the start of 2010, the normal grown-up death rate was about 5% of MRSA tainted patients. An examination in 2009 shows that youngsters under 18 years of age are at less danger of kicking the bucket from MRSA. Their death rate is right now about 1% of every single contaminated patient. Network obtained MRSA has far less intricacies than clinic gained as long as the patient satisfactorily reacts to treatment and doesn't require hospitalization. Nonetheless, patients with entanglements by and large are at more serious hazard for a far more regrettable result. Entanglements of MRSA can happen in all organ frameworks and can prompt lasting organ harm or demise. They incorporate kidney or lung contamination, coronary illness, bone disease, tissue harm, and blood harming. Obviously, early conclusion and treatment for the most part brings about better results and the decrease of further entanglements. It could take as long as a while to recoup from MRSA depending the amount of the body is tainted, complexities, and how anti-infection agents react. Individuals who are tainted are tried until the lab tests come up negative. Preventive Methods: There are a few different ways to bring down a people danger of securing both emergency clinic and network related MRSA. In clinics, individuals who are identified with MRSA microbes are regularly positioned in disengagement. Guests and social insurance laborers in contact with individuals in disconnection are required to wear defensive articles of clothing and follow severe cleanliness methodology. Sullied materials are likewise sanitized. Medical clinics are required to follow exacting strategies to forestall MRSA from sprea

Prof. Jeff Karp and his gecko-inspired band-aid

Prof. Jeff Karp and his gecko-inspired band-aid Update on 8/19/2008: Prof. Jeff Karp has been recognized as one of Technology Reviews Top 35 Innovators Under 35 for 2008. The metallic blue hue of morpho butterflies, the super water-resistant Lotus leaf, the highly maneuverable fins of the Bluegill sunfish: all of these natural wonders have inspired scientists to innovate. When a group of MIT researchers wanted to create the next and best surgical band-aid, they turned their attention to the gecko. Geckos can scale smooth walls at a whopping three feet per second, and in last decade scientists have begun to understand how these little lizards can defy gravity. It turns out that gecko feet have millions of little projections, called setae, that split into hundreds of projections shaped like spatulas. Each of these tips can attach to smooth surfaces by taking advantage of intermolecular forces, which are individually relatively weak and unstable but can combine to generate enough force to allow a gecko to hang upside-down from one foot. The initial discovery of the science behind the gecko’s stickiness (Nature 405, 681-685 (8 June 2000)) got a lot of attention, and people proposed applications like making tape to stick equipment to the space station. But Prof. Jeffrey Karp, an investigator in the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology program, came up with a different application when he happened to come across the Nature paper on a friend’s desk. He decided to create a better surgical adhesive by mimicking the nanotopography of the gecko’s foot using a strong, water-resistant, flexible, and biodegradable polymer. This innovation would be as simple to use as a band-aid, and would be a huge improvement upon current biomedical adhesives like medical-grade crazy glue that causes inflammation and other, less sticky alternatives. Like all things, this was easier said than done. Two and half years and a million dollars later, Karp and his collaborators had made a new polymer called poly(glycerol-co-sebacate acrylate), created a mold for the polymer using the same processes that are used to make computer chips, utilized some tricks to make the polymer biodegradable and nearly invisible to the immune system, and tested these nifty band-aids on pig intestine in the lab and in the peritoneal cavity of live rats. Lo and behold, it worked! Karp attributes the success of the gecko adhesive project to a multidisciplinary team that included nanofabrication experts from Draper Laboratory, Surgeons and biocompatibility experts from the Massachusetts General Hospital, and polymer chemists and mechanical engineers at MIT. They’re now working on taking this invention into the clinic, where it can be used to replace stitches and sutures. Since the gecko-inspired adhesive does not require repeated re-alignment of the tissue being patched together, it can reduce the time a patient spends in surgery. Additionally, it can be utilized to connect pieces of the colon in patients with Crohn’s disease, or to patch lungs without worrying about air leaks, or even to deliver drugs to parts of a heart that might have died after a heart attack. If all goes well, this bio-inspired adhesive will be found in a hospital near you in less than five years. The translation from bench to bedside is what Jeff Karp’s all about. He focuses on attacking big problems and has a strong commitment to developing solutions that will help patients. Prof. Karp knew that he wanted to be a bioengineer in college, and decided to study Chemical Engineering at McGill University in order to have the opportunity to learn and practice problem solving and also leave the door open to many career paths. As an undergrad, he was actively involved with research and even published a paper. After getting a PhD at the University of Toronto, he came to MIT as a postdoctoral researcher to work in the world-renown lab of biomedical engineer and Institute Professor Robert Langer. (We’ve written about him numerous times on these blogs, including Paul’s experiences with working there. How are Langer Lab alums so successful? Karp attributes it to Langer’s inspirational leadership, his freedom of thought, and creativity.) Like his role-model, Karp strives to train the next generation of bioengineering leaders. As such, he has many undergraduates and high school students working in his lab. He tries to have 5-10 undergrads in the lab at any given time, and this summer he will be mentoring three high school students who will be coming to MIT from all over the country. In fact, he was recognized as MITs 2008 UROP Faculty Mentor of the Year! I spoke with one of his UROPs, Shan Tie ‘10, who said she found the lab through the UROP website: “I looked under the project openings and looked for titles that were relevant to my interests and were interesting. I had several interviews with different labs and I finally decided this one because the [Principal Investigator] seemed really personally involved with each project and work itself dealt with techniques I was familiar with and could continue a project.” Since the fall of 2007, she has been studying hydrogel polymers that could be used as micro-environm ental sensors. For all of you who fret about not having research experience, have no fear. Dr. Karp hires freshman very frequently and says that experience is not a limiting factor. In particular, he tries to find students who have motivation, drive, passion, the ability to work in a team (e.g. experience on a sports team), and creativity (e.g. mastery of an instrument). Once students join the lab, he pairs them with a senior scientist and encourages them to develop their own experiments, learn from their failures, and regularly exercise critical thinking. Karp referred to a friend who called Boston the “Academic Hollywood,” where stars in every field could be found. With three of the top hospitals in the world and some of the best universities, Boston is the perfect place to conduct interdisciplinary research that will change the face of medicine, science, and technology. Projects like the gecko-inspired surgical adhesive are a testament to the strength of the faculty and students at MIT, and you can be a part of it!

Amplification Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Amplification is a rhetorical term for all the ways that an argument, explanation, or description can be expanded and enriched. Also called rhetorical amplification. A natural virtue in an oral culture, amplification provides redundancy of information, ceremonial amplitude, and scope for a memorable syntax and diction (Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 1991). In The Arte of Rhetorique  (1553), Thomas Wilson (who regarded amplification as a method of the invention) emphasized the value of this strategy: Among all the figures of rhetoric, there is no one that helpeth forward an oration and beautifieth the same with such delightful ornaments as doth amplification. In both speech and writing, amplification tends to accentuate the importance of a topic and  induce an emotional response (pathos) in the  audience. Examples and Observations In amplification, writers repeat something theyve just said while adding more details and information to the original description. . .The main purpose of amplification is to focus the readers attention on an idea he or she might otherwise miss.(Brendan McGuigan, Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick House, 2007) One of the Biggest Trees in Pittsburgh A massive tree centuries old holds out against the odds here across from my mothers house, one of the biggest trees in Pittsburgh, anchored in a green tangle of weeds and bushes, trunk thick as a Buick, black as night after rain soaks its striated hide. Huge spread of its branches canopies the foot of the hill where the streets come together. Certain times of day in summer it shades my mothers front porch. If it ever tore loose from its moorings, it would crush her house like a sledgehammer. . . . (John Edgar Wideman, All Stories Are True. The Stories of John Edgar Wideman. Random House, 1996) Bill Bryson on Britains Landscapes In terms of natural wonders, you know, Britain is a pretty unspectacular place. It has no alpine peaks or broad rift valleys, no mighty gorges or thundering cataracts. It is built to really quite a modest scale. And yet with a few unassuming natural endowments, a great deal of time and an unfailing instinct for improvement, the makers of Britain created the most superlatively park-like landscapes, the most orderly cities, the handsomest provincial towns, the jauntiest seaside resorts, the stateliest homes, the most dreamily spired, cathedral-rich, castle-strewn, abbey-bedecked, folly-scattered, green-wooded, winding-laned, sheep-dotted, plumply hedgerowed, well-tended, sublimely decorated 50,318 square miles the world has ever known--almost none of it undertaken with aesthetics in mind, but all of it adding up to something that is, quite often, perfect. What an achievement that is. (Bill Bryson, The Road to Little Dribbling: More Notes From a Small Island. Doubleday, 2015)   Dickens on Newness Mr. and Mrs. Veneering were bran-new people in a bran-new house in a bran-new quarter of London. Everything about the Veneerings was spick and span new. All their furniture was new, all their friends were new, all their servants were new, their place was new, . . . their harness was new, their horses were new, their pictures were new, they themselves were new, they were as newly-married as was lawfully compatible with their having a bran-new baby, and if they had set up a great-grandfather, he would have come home in matting from Pantechnicon, without a scratch upon him, French-polished to the crown of his head. (Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, 1864-65) More Light! Goethes final words: More light. Ever since we crawled out of that primordial slime, thats been our unifying cry: More light. Sunlight. Torchlight. Candlelight. Neon. Incandescent. Lights that banish the darkness from our caves, to illuminate our roads, the insides of our refrigerators. Big floods for the night games at Soldiers field. Little tiny flashlight for those books we read under the covers when were supposed to be asleep. Light is more than watts and footcandles. Light is metaphor. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Lead, Kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom, Lead Thou me on! The night is dark, and I am far from home--Lead Thou me on! Arise, shine, for thy light has come. Light is knowledge. Light is life. Light is light. (Chris Stevens, Northern Exposure, 1992) Henry Peacham on Amplification In The Garden of Eloquence  (1593), Henry  Peacham describes [the] effects [of amplification] in the following manner: It is full of light, plenty and variety causing the orator to teach and tell things plainly, to amplify largely, and to prove and conclude mightily. The very wording of this passage demonstrates the procedure of amplifying one term, amplification itself, and that with the purpose of catching the readers attention.(Thomas O. Sloane,  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) Selective Amplification Judgment is to be exercised in deciding what thoughts require amplification and what do not. A greater degree of expansion is necessary in oral than in written discourse; and in popular works than in purely scientific. A brief exposition may be sufficient for those who have some acquaintance with the subject, while in addressing those of less intelligence a greater fullness of details is necessary. It is always a most serious fault to dwell on what is unimportant, trivial, or what can be supplied by the reader; it indicates a want of the power of just discrimination on the part of the writer. (Andrew D. Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric, 1875) The Lighter Side of Amplification: Blackadders Crisis This is a crisis. A large crisis. In fact, if youve got a moment, its a twelve-story crisis with a magnificent entrance hall, carpeting throughout, 24-hour portage, and an enormous sign on the roof, saying This Is a Large Crisis. A large crisis requires a large plan. Get me two pencils and a pair of underpants. (Rowan Atkinson as Captain Blackadder in Goodbyeee. Blackadder Goes Forth, 1989) Pronunciation: am-pli-fi-KAY-shun Etymology: From the Latin enlargement

The Vietnam War. In The Vietnam War, Mark Atwood Lawrence

The Vietnam War In The Vietnam War, Mark Atwood Lawrence goes in depth with research from many different sides of the Vietnam war and accounts for the different events that took place during this time and the many elements that led to the war. He talks about the significance of the war and how it wasn’t just another war. Lawrence also discusses the effect it had on not just our history but world history. Lawrence gives a visual of the war from all sides, from the earliest days of French colonization to the last helicopter fleeing the American embassy, but mainly focuses on the American involvement from 1965 to 1975. He clearly and precisely goes over and researches to accurately examine the motives of both the Vietnamese communists and†¦show more content†¦economic aid to the Diem regime, it was doomed due to its internal corruption. The same argument is used to evaluate U.S. military tactics: Successes on the battlefield petered out due to a fundamental flaw in strategic assumptions. Revisionists such as Mark Moyar will surely disagree, but Lawrence does represent the majority opinion among U.S. historians at the moment. His narrative begins well before American forces set foot in Vietnam, delving into French colonialism s contribution to the 1945 Vietnamese revolution, and revealing how the Cold War concerns of the 1950s led the United States to back the French. The heart of the book covers the American war, ranging from the overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem and the impact of the Tet Offensive to Nixon s expansion of the war into Cambodia and Laos, and the final peace agreement of 1973. Finally, Lawrence examines the aftermath of the war, from the momentous liberalization-Doi Moi-in Vietnam to the enduring legacy of this infamous war in American books, films, and political debate. A. The author’s particular bias or point of view. Is the writer impartial, objective or prejudiced, sympathetic to any social class or group or economic and political practices? Why have they written this book--do they have â€Å"an ax to grind?† For example, a participant in the Russian Revolution of 1917, World War II, or the German Revolution of 1989 who then authored a work on theShow MoreRelatedThe Contribution Of Mark Atwood Lawrence Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe nonfiction works created by Mark Atwood Lawrence called Assuming the Burden: Europe and American Commitment to the War in Vietnam is an American piece of literature published in 2005. Mark Atwood Lawrence is an Associate Professor of History, Director of Graduate Studies at the Clements Center for National Security at The University of Texas and Distinguished Fellow at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law. Lawrence has published two books, Assuming the Burden: EuropeRead M oreBook Review On The Vietnam War1438 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity College 5/4/16 Book Review on the Vietnam War by Mark Atwood Lawrence Lawrence, Mark A. The Vietnam War. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2001. Print. Over the preceding period, a lot of scholars have tried to explore the international proportions that underlie the Vietnam War. By way of exploring the dimensions that are related to this war, they have succeeded in nudging what is believed to be the gravity that is associated with Vietnam War erudition away from the custom fixation toRead MoreThe Decade Long War1161 Words   |  5 Pages Mark Atwood Lawrence’s study, The Vietnam War: A Concise International History, is about the changing of the French-Indochina conflict to America’s involvement in the war from 1954 to 1975. This book also went through each President of the United States that had to deal with the Vietnam War starting with Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, to Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. The different sources Lawrence used in The Vietnam War: A Concise InternationalRead MoreThe Vietnam War, The Differences And Reasons Behind The War1859 Words   |  8 Pagescountless numbers of wars. These wars have usually occurred because of differences amongst nations and people in society. The Vietnam War is an example of relentless fighting and conflict between countries due to political differences. Through Mark Atwood Lawrence’s book, The Vietnam War, the differences and reasons behind the war are better comprehended. In his book, Mark Atwood Lawrence accomplishes to portray the war in Vietnam from several different perspectives. Lawrence examines the reasonsRead MoreHow to Tell a True War Story by Tim Obrien1124 Words   |  5 PagesThrough Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† to Ursula K. Le Guin’s â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas†, they reflect the cultural, economic, political, and intellectual upheavals the United States was experiencing. These stories affect your way of thinking about these times, especially the war. The Vietnam War was one of the major events that occurred during the â€Å"Baby Boom† era. The era was called the baby boom because the United States was going into war and all the men were being drafted soRead MoreComparing World War Two and Vietnam Veterans Essay2159 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: â€Å"The last American soldier left Vietnam during the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. For 2.4 million who served in Vietnam, there was no official homecoming. In June of 2005, Branson, Missouri held â€Å"Operation Welcome Home† for Vietnam Veterans. The parade and events were planned to provide the celebration and recognition they did not receive 30-plus years earlier.† (Vietnam: Homecoming) The veterans were able to see the Traveling Vietnam Memorial Wall and find the names of men they hadRead MoreThe Vietnam War and its Subsequent Ties to the Cold War Essay2491 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cold War was a prolonged period of political and military tension between countries on the side of democracy and those on the side of communism, the major players being the United States belonging to the former and the Soviet Union belonging to the latter (Westad). While the Cold War was known as such because there were no direct wars between the two major powers, there was large scale fighting in Vietnam. The Vietnam War (1954-75) is thought of as a historical consequence of the Cold War and henceRead MorePolitical Games of Vietnam 1813 Words   |  8 PagesPolitical games of Vietnam The Vietnam War was a pivotal changing point in the American foreign policy. Through the span of three presidents and the Cold War, Vietnam changed the outlook of America in the world wide arena. After the end of the Indochina war and oppression of Vietnam by the French, the country was split into the north and the south along the 17th parallel. Following the declaration of the Geneva Accord there was to be a demilitarized zone along the north and the south of the 17thRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War3899 Words   |  16 PagesThe American involvement in the Vietnam War created widespread division between the American people. There were many United States citizens who believed that the United States was involved in the Vietnam struggle for the right reasons, in order to prevent communism from taking over South Vietnam. There were also other citizens who believed that the United States was involved over there for the wrong reasons, due to the feeling that it was none of our busines s, and that it was considered another formRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 PagesPostmodern literature The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the

The Limitations of the Freedom of Speech Free Essays

Does the First Amendment mean anyone can say anything at any time? No. The Supreme Court has rejected an interpretation of speech without limits. Because the First Amendment has such strong language, we begin with the presumption that speech is protected. We will write a custom essay sample on The Limitations of the Freedom of Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years, the courts have decided that a few other public interests — for example, national security, justice or personal safety — override freedom of speech. There are no simple rules for determining when speech should be limited, but there are some general tests that help. Clear and Present Danger Will this act of speech create a dangerous situation? The First Amendment does not protect statements that are uttered to provoke violence or incite illegal action. Justice Holmes, speaking for the unanimous Supreme Court, stated, â€Å"The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. Fighting Words Was something said face-to-face that would incite immediate violence? In  Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, the Supreme Court stated that the â€Å"English language has a number of words and expressions which by general consent [are] ‘fighting words’ when said without a disarming smile. †¦ Such words, as ordinary men know, are likely to cause a fight. The court determined that the New Hampshire statute in question â€Å"did no more than prohibit the face-to-face words plainly likely to cause a breach of the peace by the addressee, words whose speaking constitute a breach of the peace by the speaker — including ‘classical fighting words,’ words in current use less ‘classical’ but equally likely to cause violence, and other disorderly words, including profanity, obscenity and threats. † Jurisdictions may write statutes to punish verbal acts if the statutes are â€Å"carefully drawn so as not unduly to impair liberty of expression. Also see  What is the Fighting Words Doctrine? Libel and Slander Was the statement false, or put in a context that makes true statements misleading? You do not have a constitutional right to tell lies that damage or defame the reputation of a person or organization. Obscenity In June 1973 in  Miller v. California, the Supreme Court held in a 5-to-4 decision that obscene materials do not enjoy First Amendment protection. In  Miller v. California  (1973), the court refin ed the definition of â€Å"obscenity† established in  Roth v. United States  (1957). It also rejected the â€Å"utterly without redeeming social value† test of  Memoirs v. Massachusetts. In the three-part Miller test, three questions must receive affirmative responses for material to be considered â€Å"obscene†: 1. Would the average person, applying the contemporary community standards, viewing the work as a whole, find the work appeals to the prurient interest? 2. Does the work depict or describe sexual conduct in a patently offensive way? 3. Does the work taken as a whole lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value? One must distinguish â€Å"obscene† material, speech not protected by the First Amendment, from â€Å"indecent† material, speech protected for adults but not for children. The Supreme Court also ruled that â€Å"higher standards† may be established to protect minors from exposure to indecent material over the airwaves. In  FCC v. Pacifica Foundation  Ã‚  the court â€Å"recognized an interest in protecting minors from exposure to vulgar and offensive spoken language. Conflict with Other Legitimate Social or Governmental Interests Does the speech conflict with other compelling interests? For example, in times of war, there may be reasons to restrict First Amendment rights because of conflicts with national security. To ensure a fair trial without disclosure of prejudicial information before or during a trial, a judge may place a â€Å"gag† order on participa nts in the trial, including attorneys. Placing prior restraint upon the media usually is unconstitutional. In  Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart  (1976),  the Supreme Court established three criteria that must be met before a judge can issue a gag order and restrain the media during a trial. Time, Place, and Manner These regulations of expression are content-neutral. A question to ask: Did the expression occur at a time or place, or did the speaker use a method of communicating, that interferes with a legitimate government interest? For example, distribution of information should not impede the flow of traffic or create excessive noise levels at certain times and in certain places. How to cite The Limitations of the Freedom of Speech, Essay examples

The History Of Coca-Cola Essays - Coca-Cola, Patent Medicines

The History of Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola company started out as an insignificant one man business and over the last one hundred and ten years it has grown into one of the largest companies in the world. The first operator of the company was Dr. John Pemberton and the current operator is Roberto Goizueta. Without societies help, Coca-Cola could not have become over a 50 billion dollar business. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. He concocted the formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard on May 8, 1886. He mixed a combination of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian shrub to make the fabulous beverage(Things go better with Coke 14). Coca-Cola debuted in Atlanta's largest pharmacy, Jacob's Pharmacy, as a five cent non-carbonated beverage. Later on, the carbonated water was added to the syrup to make the beverage that we know today as Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola was originally used as a nerve and brain tonic and a medical elixir. Coca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pemberton's close friends, he also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. Dr. John Pemberton sold a portion of the Coca-Cola company to Asa Candler, after Pemberton's death the remainder was sold to Candler. Pemberton was forced to sell because he was in a state of poor health and was in debt. He had paid $76.96 for advertising, but he only made $50.00 in profits. Candler acquired the whole company for $2,300(Coca-Cola multiple pages). Candler achieved a lot during his time as owner of the company. On January 31, 1893, the famous Coca-Cola formula was patented. He also opened the first syrup manufacturing plant in 1884. His great achievement was large scale bottling of Coca-Cola in 1899. In 1915, The Root Glass Company made the contour bottle for the Coca-Cola company. Candler aggressively advertised Coca-Cola in newspapers and on billboards. In the newspapers, he would give away coupons for a free Coke at any fountain. Coca-Cola was sold after the Prohibition Era to Ernest Woodruff for 25 million dollars. He gave Coca-Cola to his son, Robert Woodruff, who would be president for six decades(Facts, Figures, and Features Multiple pages). Robert Woodruff was an influential man in Atlanta because of his contributions to area colleges, universities, businesses and organizations. When he made a contribution, he would never leave his name, this is how he became to be known as "Mr. Anonymous." Woodruff introduced the six bottle carton in 1923. He also made Coca-Cola available through vending machine in 1929, that same year, the Coca-Cola bell glass was made available. He started advertising on the radio in the 1930s and on the television in 1950. Currently Coca-Cola is advertised on over five hundred TV channels around the world. In 1931, he introduced the Coke Santa as a Christmas promotion and it caught on. Candler also introduced the twelve ounce Coke can in 1960. The Coca-Cola contour bottle was patented in 1977. The two liter bottle was introduced in 1978, the same year the company also introduced plastic bottles(Coca-Cola multiple pages). Woodruff did have one dubious distinction, he raised the syrup prices for distributors. But he improved efficiency at every step of the manufacturing process. Woodruff also increased productivity by improving the sales department, emphasizing quality control, and beginning large-scale advertising and promotional campaigns. Woodruff made Coke available in every state of the Union through the soda fountain. For all of these achievements he earned the name, "The Boss"(Facts, Figures, and Features Multiple pages). In 1985, the Coca-Cola Company made what has been known as one of the biggest marketing blunder. The Coca-Cola company stumbled onto the new formula in efforts to produce diet Coke. They put forth 4 million dollars of research to come up with the new formula. The decision to change their formula and pull the old Coke off the market came about because taste tests showed a distinct preference for the new formula. The new formula was a sweeter variation with less tang, it was also slightly smoother(Demott 54). Robert Woodruff's death was a large contributor to the change because he stated that he would never change Coca-Cola's formula. Another factor that influenced the change was that Coke's market share fell 2.5 percent in four years. Each percentage point lost or gain meant 200 million dollars. A financial analyst said, "Coke's market share fell from 24.3 percent in 1980 to 21.8 percent in 1984"(Things go better with Coke 14). This was the first flavor change since the existence of the Coca-Cola company. The change was announced April

Thomas Edison - The Inventor With 1,093 Patents

Thomas Edison - The Inventor With 1,093 Patents Thomas Edison was one of historys most influential inventors, whose contributions to the modern era transformed the lives of people the world over. Edison is best known for having invented the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the first motion-picture camera, and held an astonishing 1,093 patents in total. In addition to his inventions, Edisons famous laboratory in Menlo Park  is considered the forerunner of the modern-day research facility. Despite Thomas Edisons incredible productivity, some consider him a controversial figure and have accused him of profiting from the ideas of other inventors. Dates: February 11, 1847 October 18, 1931 Also Known As: Thomas Alva Edison, Wizard of Menlo Park Famous Quote: Genius is one percent inspiration, and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Childhood in Ohio and Michigan Thomas Alva Edison, born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847, was the seventh and last child born to Samuel and Nancy Edison. Since three of the youngest children did not survive early childhood, Thomas Alva (known as Al as a child and later as â€Å"Tom†) grew up with one brother and two sisters. Edisons father, Samuel, had fled to the U.S. in 1837 to avoid arrest after having openly rebelled against British rule in his native Canada. Samuel eventually resettled in Milan, Ohio, where he opened a successful lumber business. Young Al Edison grew into a very inquisitive child, constantly asking questions about the world around him. His curiosity got him into trouble on several occasions. At three years old, Al climbed a ladder to the top of his fathers grain elevator, then fell in as he leaned over to look inside. Fortunately, his father witnessed the fall and rescued him before he was suffocated by the grain. On another occasion, six-year-old Al started a fire in his fathers barn just to see what would happen. The barn burned to the ground. An enraged Samuel Edison punished his son by giving him a public whipping. In 1854, the Edison family moved to Port Huron, Michigan. That same year, seven-year-old Al contracted scarlet fever, an illness that possibly contributed to the future inventors gradual hearing loss. It was in Port Huron that eight-year-old Edison started school, but he only attended for a few months. His teacher, who disapproved of Edisons constant questions, considered him somewhat of a mischief-maker. When Edison overheard the teacher refer to him as addled, he became upset and ran home to tell his mother. Nancy Edison quickly withdrew her son from school and decided to teach him herself. While Nancy, a former teacher, introduced her son to the works of Shakespeare and Dickens as well as to scientific textbooks, Edisons father also encouraged him to read, offering to pay him a penny for each book he completed. Young Edison absorbed it all. A Scientist and Entrepreneur Inspired by his science books, Edison set up his first lab in his parents cellar. He saved his pennies to purchase batteries, test tubes, and chemicals. Edison was fortunate that his mother supported his experiments and didnt close down his lab after the occasional small explosion or chemical spill. Edisons experiments didnt end there, of course; he and a friend created their own telegraph system, crudely modeled upon the one invented by Samuel F. B. Morse in 1832. After several failed attempts (one of which involved rubbing two cats together to create electricity), the boys finally succeeded and were able to send and receive messages on the device. When the railroad came to Port Huron in 1859, 12-year-old Edison persuaded his parents to let him get a job. Hired by the Grand Trunk Railroad as a train boy, he sold newspapers to passengers on the route between Port Huron and Detroit. Finding himself with some free time on the daily trip, Edison convinced the conductor to let him set up a lab in the baggage car. The arrangement did not last long, however, for Edison accidentally set fire to the baggage car when one of his jars of highly flammable phosphorus fell to the floor. Once the Civil War began in 1861, Edisons business really took off, as more people bought newspapers to keep up with the latest news from the battlefields. Edison capitalized upon this need and steadily raised his prices. Ever the entrepreneur, Edison bought produce during his layover in Detroit and sold it to passengers at a profit. He later opened his own newspaper and produce stand in Port Huron, hiring other boys as vendors. By 1862, Edison had started his own publication, the weekly Grand Trunk Herald. Edison the Telegrapher Fate, and an act of bravery, handed Edison a most welcome opportunity to learn professional telegraphy, a skill which would help determine his future. In 1862, as 15-year-old Edison waited at the station for his train to change cars, he spotted a young child playing on the tracks, oblivious to the freight car heading straight for him. Edison leaped onto the tracks and lifted the boy to safety, earning the eternal gratitude of the boys father, station telegrapher James Mackenzie. To repay Edison for having saved his sons life, Mackenzie offered to teach him the finer points of telegraphy. After five months of studying with Mackenzie, Edison was qualified to work as a plug, or second-class telegrapher. With this new skill, Edison became a traveling telegrapher in 1863. He stayed busy, often filling in for men who had gone off to war. Edison worked throughout much of the central and northern United States, as well as parts of Canada. Despite unglamorous working conditions and shabby lodgings, Edison enjoyed his work. As he moved from job to job, Edisons skills continually improved. Unfortunately, at the same time, Edison realized that he was losing his hearing to the extent that it might eventually affect his ability to work at telegraphy. In 1867, Edison, by now 20 years old and an experienced telegrapher, was hired to work in the Boston office of Western Union, the nations largest telegraph company. Although he was at first teased by his co-workers for his cheap clothes and countrified ways, he soon impressed them all with his rapid messaging abilities. Edison Becomes an Inventor Despite his success as a telegrapher, Edison longed for a greater challenge. Eager to advance his scientific knowledge, Edison studied a volume of electricity-based experiments written by 19th-century British scientist Michael Faraday. In 1868, inspired by his reading, Edison developed his first patented invention an automatic vote recorder designed for use by legislators. Unfortunately, although the device performed flawlessly, he could not find any buyers. (Politicians didnt like the idea of locking in their votes immediately without the option of further debate.) Edison resolved to never again invent something for which there was no clear need or demand. Edison next became interested in the stock ticker, a device that had been invented in 1867. Businessmen used stock tickers in their offices to keep them informed of changes in stock market prices. Edison, along with a friend, briefly ran a gold-reporting service that used the stock tickers to transmit gold prices into subscribers offices. After that business failed, Edison set about improving the performance of the ticker. He was becoming increasingly dissatisfied with working as a telegrapher. In 1869, Edison decided to leave his job in Boston and move to New York City to become a full-time inventor and manufacturer. His first project in New York was to perfect the stock ticker that he had been working on. Edison sold his improved version to Western Union for the enormous sum of $40,000, an amount that enabled him to open his own business. Edison established his first manufacturing shop, American Telegraph Works, in Newark, New Jersey in 1870. He employed 50 workers, including a machinist, a clockmaker, and a mechanic. Edison worked side-by-side with his closest assistants and welcomed their input and suggestions. One employee, however, had captured Edisons attention above all others Mary Stilwell, an attractive girl of 16. Marriage and Family Unaccustomed to courting young women and hampered somewhat by his hearing loss, Edison behaved awkwardly around Mary, but he eventually made it clear that he was interested in her. After a brief courtship, the two married on Christmas Day, 1871. Edison was 24 years old. Mary Edison soon learned the reality of being married to an up-and-coming inventor. She spent many evenings alone while her husband stayed late at the lab, immersed in his work. Indeed, the next few years were very productive ones for Edison; he applied for nearly 60 patents. Two notable inventions from this period were the quadruplex telegraph system (which could send two messages in each direction simultaneously, rather than one at a time), and the electric pen, which made duplicate copies of a document. The Edisons had three children between 1873 and 1878: Marion, Thomas Alva, Jr., and William. Edison nicknamed the two eldest children Dot and Dash, a reference to the dots and dashes from the Morse code used in telegraphy. The Laboratory at Menlo Park In 1876, Edison erected a two-story building in rural Menlo Park, New Jersey, conceived for the sole purpose of experimentation. Edison and his wife bought a house nearby and installed a plank sidewalk connecting it to the lab. Despite working close to home, Edison often became so involved in his work, he stayed overnight in the lab. Mary and the children saw very little of him. Following Alexander Graham Bells invention of the telephone in 1876, Edison became interested in improving the device, which was still crude and inefficient. Edison was encouraged in this endeavor by Western Union, whose hope it was that Edison could create a different version of the telephone. The company could then make money from Edisons telephone without infringing upon Bells patent. Edison did improve upon Bells telephone, creating a convenient earpiece and mouthpiece; he also built a transmitter that could carry messages over a longer distance. Invention of the Phonograph Makes Edison Famous Edison began to investigate ways in which a voice could not only be transmitted over a wire, but recorded as well. In June 1877, while working in the lab on an audio project, Edison and his assistants inadvertently scratched grooves into a disc. This unexpectedly produced a sound, which motivated Edison to create a rough sketch of a recording machine, the phonograph. By November of that year, Edisons assistants had created a working model. Incredibly, the device worked on the first try, a rare outcome for a new invention. Edison became an overnight celebrity. He had been known to the scientific community for some time; now, the public at large knew his name. The New York Daily Graphic christened him the Wizard of Menlo Park. Scientists and academics from around the world praised the phonograph and even President Rutherford B. Hayes insisted upon a private demonstration at the White House. Convinced that the device had more uses than as a mere parlor trick, Edison started a company devoted to marketing the phonograph. (He eventually abandoned the phonograph, however, only to resurrect it decades later.) When the chaos had settled down from the phonograph, Edison turned to a project that had long intrigued him the creation of an electric light. Lighting the World By the 1870s, several inventors had already begun to find ways to produce electric light. Edison attended the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876 to examine the arc light exhibit displayed by inventor Moses Farmer. He studied it carefully and came away convinced that he could make something better. Edisons goal was to create an incandescent light bulb, which was softer and less glaring than arc lighting. Edison and his assistants experimented with different materials for the filament in the light bulb. The ideal material would withstand high heat and continue to burn for longer than just a few minutes (the longest time they had observed up until then). On October 21, 1879, the Edison team discovered that carbonized cotton sewing thread exceeded their expectations, staying lit for nearly 15 hours. Now they began the work of perfecting the light and mass-producing it. The project was immense and would require years to complete. In addition to fine-tuning the light bulb, Edison also needed to consider how to provide electricity on a large scale. He and his team would need to produce wires, sockets, switches, a power source, and an entire infrastructure for delivering power. Edisons power source was a giant dynamo a generator that converted mechanical energy into electric energy. Edison decided that the ideal place to debut his new system would be downtown Manhattan, but he needed financial backing for such a grand project. To win investors over, Edison gave them a demonstration of electric light at his Menlo Park lab on New Years Eve, 1879. Visitors were enthralled by the spectacle and Edison received the money he needed to install electricity to a portion of downtown Manhattan. After more than two years, the complex installation was at last completed. On September 4, 1882, Edisons Pearl Street Station delivered power to a one square mile section of Manhattan. Although Edisons undertaking was a success, it would be two years before the station actually made a profit. Gradually, more and more customers subscribed to the service. Alternating Current Vs. Direct Current Soon after the Pearl Street Station had brought power to Manhattan, Edison became caught up in the dispute over which type of electricity was superior: direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). Scientist Nikola Tesla, a former employee of Edisons, became his chief rival in the matter. Edison favored DC and had used it in all of his systems. Tesla, who had left Edisons lab over a pay dispute, was hired by inventor George Westinghouse to build the AC system which he (Westinghouse) had devised. With most of the evidence pointing to AC current as the more efficient and economically feasible choice, Westinghouse chose to support AC current. In a shameful attempt to discredit the safety of AC power, Edison staged some disturbing stunts, purposely electrocuting stray animals and even a circus elephant using AC current. Horrified, Westinghouse offered to meet with Edison to settle their differences; Edison refused. In the end, the dispute was settled by consumers, who preferred the AC system by a margin of five to one. The final blow came when Westinghouse won the contract to harness Niagara Falls for the production of AC power. Later in life, Edison admitted that one of his biggest mistakes had been his reluctance to accept AC power as superior to DC. Loss and Remarriage Edison had long neglected his wife Mary, but was devastated when she died suddenly at the age of 29 in August 1884. Historians suggest that the cause was probably a brain tumor. The two boys, who had never been close to their father, were sent to live with Marys mother, but twelve-year-old Marion (Dot) stayed with her father. They became very close. Edison preferred to work from his New York lab, allowing the Menlo Park facility to fall into ruin. He continued to work on improving the phonograph and the telephone. Edison married again in 1886 at the age of 39, after proposing in Morse code to 18-year-old Mina Miller. The wealthy, educated young woman was better suited to life as the wife of a famous inventor than had been Mary Stilwell. Edisons children moved with the couple to their new mansion in West Orange, New Jersey. Mina Edison eventually gave birth to three children: daughter Madeleine and sons Charles and Theodore. West Orange Lab Edison built a new laboratory in West Orange in 1887. It far surpassed his first facility at Menlo Park, comprising three stories and 40,000 square feet. While he worked on projects, others managed his companies for him. In 1889, several of his investors merged into one company, called Edison General Electric Company, the forerunner of todays General Electric (GE). Inspired by a series of groundbreaking photos of a horse in motion, Edison became interested in moving pictures. In 1893, he developed a kinetograph (to record motion) and a kinetoscope (to display the moving pictures). Edison built the first motion picture studio on his West Orange complex, dubbing the building the Black Maria. The building had a hole in the roof and could actually be rotated upon a turntable in order to capture the sunlight. One of his best-known films was The Great Train Robbery, made in 1903. Edison also became involved in mass-producing phonographs and records at the turn of the century. What had once been a novelty was now a household item and it became very lucrative for Edison. Fascinated by the discovery of X-rays by Dutch scientist William Rontgen, Edison produced the first commercially-produced fluoroscope, which allowed real-time visualization inside the human body. After losing one of his workers to radiation poisoning, however, Edison never worked with X-rays again. Later Years Always enthusiastic about new ideas, Edison was thrilled to hear about Henry Fords new gas-powered automobile. Edison himself attempted to develop a car battery that could be recharged with electricity, but was never successful. He and Ford became friends for life, and went on yearly camping trips with other prominent men of the time. From 1915 until the end of World War I, Edison served on the Naval Consulting Board a group of scientists and inventors whose goal it was to help the U.S. prepare for war. Edisons most important contribution to the U.S. Navy was his suggestion that a research laboratory be built. Eventually, the facility was built and led to important technical advances that benefited the Navy during World War II. Edison continued to work on several projects and experiments for the remainder of his life. In 1928, he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, presented to him at the Edison Laboratory. Thomas Edison died at his home in West Orange, New Jersey on October 18, 1931 at the age of 84. On the day of his funeral, President Herbert Hoover asked Americans to dim the lights in their homes as a way of paying tribute to the man who had given them electricity.

Getting an Equity Card

Getting an Equity Card Having an Equity card basically means that you are a member of the Actors Equity Association. Representing both actors and stage managers, the Actors Equity Association (AEA) has been negotiating wages and benefits for its members since 1913. Benefits According to the AEA, benefits include: Minimum salaries (negotiated rates, overtime, extra pay for additional duties,  free housing or per diem on tour)Work rules (length of day, breaks, days off, safe and sanitary conditions)Health, pension and 401(k) benefitsDispute resolution (including recourse to impartial and binding arbitration)Just cause (penalties for improper dismissal)Bonding (guaranteeing payments to the Actors if the producer becomes insolvent or defaults)Supplemental Workers Comp insurance, which provides additional compensation over-and-above Workers Comp if youre injured on the jobEquity-only auditions via casting call and Equity hotlinesAgency regulationsMember discountsThe Equity News and websiteSeminars and special eventsProfessional name protectionTax assistance through VITAVoting privileges Union membership also includes access to service organizations like The Actors Fund, Career Transition for Dancers, the Actors Federal Credit Union and the AFL-CIO. These organizations offer a host of additional resources such as emergency assistance, seminars, career counseling, low-cost financial services, loans and discounts. Starting a Career Every year, thousands of Broadway hopefuls flock to New York City hoping to break into the theater business. Before you rush off, you may want to stop and visit the Equity website to find out if a union is right for them. If you arent yet an Equity member, you might still land a role on Broadway. But your chances are slimmer. Many theater employers will only hire card-carrying union members. How to Get an Equity Card Gain employment under Equity Contract (this is often tricky because some shows wont let you audition unless you are already an AEA member).Be a member of a sister union such as SAG, AFTRA, or AGMA. Members of these unions can also register for AEA.Utilize the Equity Membership Candidate Program. If you are an actor or stage manager-in-training, you can register with AEA and earn credit towards eventual membership.

Educational infosystems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Educational infosystems - Research Paper Example However, my school district is not ready to meet its responsibilities to comply with the new data reporting demands from both the state and No Child Behind Legislation. It is essential for adult educators to examine the course developments of secondary or high education, in order to identify problems or qualities that are typical of young adults and people. The establishment of adult and youth education can do this by looking at possibilities like, situations, process, and experiences. The software publishers that supply educational systems in the district claim that their products are compliant with SIF (OR SIS), the district has already established that it is not ready to meet its responsibilities to abide by new data reporting demands from NO Child Left Behind legislation. The information student system that exists need replacement and therefore, there is need to evaluate the market software publishers who claims that their products comply with SIF (SIF stands for Schools Interoperability Framework). It is an industry that is concerned with developing an open specification in order to ensure that administrative and instructional applications sof tware works effectively and together. It is not a product but an industry that is supported by K-12 blueprint supported technical software which enables a diverse application to share and interact with data effortlessly, every day and in the future (U. S. Department of Education, 2007). Therefore, in order to determine if the software publishers that supplies educational systems are compliant with SIF, their softwares should be able to define and determine common data formats, as well as high-level rules of architecture and interaction, and not linked with a particular platform or operating system. According to Infed (2007), when educational systems are compliant with SIF, then the information will be transferred, stored, accessed, and updated, thus reducing

The Criminalization of Drug Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Criminalization of Drug Use - Essay Example Husak's background is in the philosophy of law. He wants to examine the reasons why drug use is criminalized and why society attaches such high punitive measures to it. He believes that criminalization is counterproductive and that we should move on from it towards something more equitable. He feels that it provides no real benefit and in fact produces harm. He asks a number of important questions in the course of the article and examines the nature of the debate. In the end, he concludes that drug use should not be criminalized and that drug users should be left to their own devices unless they commit a serious crime. Incarceration only makes their problems worse while costing society massive amounts of money. The author's thinking on this subject is logical and reasonable. He breaks down the debate and examines the premises that both sides use to make their point. Importantly, he suggests that those who support the status quo should have to present evidence that it is working. The burden is not merely on those who oppose the current laws. The author tries to understand why alcohol and tobacco are not banned, while marijuana is, and concludes that there is a dissonance in the current policy. Only the fact that alcohol and tobacco are backed by big businesses prevents them from being banned based on the same logic as the criminalization of marijuana. He explores a number of gaps in the reasoning of those who support the continued criminalization of drugs. He focuses on the issue of justice, which is an important foundation for all law. He explains how this idea can be lost in a swirling debate based on a cost-benefit analysis: â€Å"Considerations of justice will probably seem unimportant if we are fixated on objectives. Justice should not be conceptualized as a goal our policies should try to achieve, but as a constraint that limits what we are allowed to do in pursuing these objectives. In other words, justice rules out some strategies that we otherwise woul d be permitted to adopt in trying to attain our ends† (505). Husak does not spend much time exploring flaws in his argument. His argument is more or less sound, although his conclusion is a little too strongly worded. The idea of mental health courts is a good one. Most proponents of criminalizing drugs would argue that drugs are remarkably dangerous and cause harm. They are highly addictive and therefore cause a great deal of crime. They are not something we want more of; they are something we want less of. These ideas are absent from Husak's article. Ideally, the author would have spent more time discussing drug courts. He does say in his conclusion: Drug courts impress both conservatives and liberals. Admittedly, these courts represent an improvement over traditional criminal courts; most drug users would prefer treatment to incarceration. But this concession provides faint praise for the drug court movement. Virtually anything is preferable to incarceration (513). He then concludes by saying that drugs should be legalized and there should be no requirement to go to a drug court. Of course, he is entitled to this opinion, but it would have been better to spend more time on this issue. These courts represent an effective middle ground in this polarizing debate. They have proven to be fairly successful in reducing crime rates and getting people sober. There can be little doubt that drug use leads to additional criminal behavior—

Human Form Through The History Of Art

Human Form Through The History Of Art Spanning across centuries of art movements, the human form has been depicted and developed in numerous ways. It can be seen that it has been illustrated according to specific ideologies of an era. Also, quite a significant point is looking in the past at the human form and the large amount of times that artists choose to depict it and how they have rendered it. One can look at two periods, the past -where have we been? and the present where are we now? according to the cultural, ideology and time influences on form. In this essay I firstly looked at how the human body has been portrayed, and secondly, the medium used in which to render the painting/ sculpture. Egyptian artists painted in a very simple, 2D manner, using only a set number of colours to depict their form of a human being. All of their appendages, such as hands and feet, are portrayed as flat and front on. Their eyes also appear to be a frontal view instead of the conventional side on view of the eye when looking at the face from the side angle. (Figure 1) These images are perfect examples of an art form that has been influenced by culture and ideology. The Egyptians lived relatively simple lives yet they were a very precision driven race, for example the pyramids. This is reflected in their art. Barry Kemp extensively researched the Egyptian ideologies and culture. In his book called Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation, he argues that ideologies have become one of the shaping processes of the modern times. Kemp stated that it would be appropriate to use the word ideology when referring to the Egyptians vision and use of symbolic terms in their artwork. The Egyptians beli eved that it was of central importance to keep the reflection of a divine order within their lives. (Kemp, 2006: 61) The use of simplistic form and symbols depict their idea of a true representation of a humans form and lifestyle at that time. Greek The Greeks worked in a variety of styles and mediums. From sculpture, to painting, to prints as seen below (Fig 2 3) a similar thread runs through of the Greek ideology. Their appearance is analogous in style to Egyptian art. Both representing 2D forms with very simple, reserved use of colour and no 3D qualities at all. These two examples represent prime facets to the violent Greek lifestyle of war and quarrel forever ending in gruesome death. Although when researching Greek art, it is impossible not to talk about sculpture. The Greeks were known for their sculpture and architecture. The central subject matter in Greek art is the human form and it is displayed in many ways. Static sculpture, such as the example below (Fig 4) (Home School, n.d.) represents the very early form of Greek sculpture. There is no movement in the artwork what so ever; the only difference / variety is the fact that the one leg is put forward. The Greek lifestyle and ideologies at this point in history was vital in the exploration of the human form. The sculptors started to differentiate their works by adding texture and movement. Or Mobile Sculptures: The Greeks believed in resolving issues with violence, as mentioned above. Therefore this was an ideology of their time. Their art no matter how static it appeared always carried connotations of viciousness and passion. This particular sculpture (Fig 5) is a demonstration of pure strength and domination of the male form in the Greek ideology. Every muscle is emphasized and their facial expressions tell a story of their own. Baroque In the Baroque movement there is a complete change to what has already been looked at. Art had evolved into more realistic renderings and the majority of work was completed in paint. The word Baroque has the original meaning of irregular, contorted, grotesque (Janson, 1982: 483). Which when speaking about the movement as a whole, is a largely out-dated explanation. The new style actually originated in Rome during the late 1500s. In Rubens painting, The Union of Earth and Water (Fig 6), it is evident that many, many hours of painting were put in to produce this work. The forms have a soft, gentle shape. The females bodies in this era were always described in the paintings as full and plump but not over-weight in any sense. In more modern terms their bodies would be considered to be shapely. The Ideal woman/ bodily form in this era in terms of the ideology of form was seen as more romantic in observation. It was not seen as in the more modern times of a slender, fit looking woman ideologies of the perfect woman of our time this is how their perfect woman appeared. The conventional way of portraying a human body with the face forward or to the side was challenged and explored by placing a form with his back to the observer. This could indicate deeper connotations of social changes or standards. With the male being the one to turn away, it could indicate his confidence in his own authority. Neo-Classicism Known as one of the first movements to be in the Modern World of universal art movements, Neo-Classicism brought forth new dimensions of the portrayal of the human body. Similarly to Baroque, the figures were rendered mainly in paint, with a more realistic emphasis. However there is one noticeable change in the human form when moving onto the Neo-Classicism era. It is visible that the form has been revised more in terms of muscle shape and the actual realistic shape of the body. For example, the men posed in the painting have very muscular bodies and are standing in a very blatant, upright position; which differs greatly to the style in which the artists portrayed their forms in the previous movement. Every muscle is defined and emphasized; every proportion is correct; nothing is removed from the composition and their forms are depicted in a very realistic manner. Looking also at the women in the background, it is apparent too that their shape and form is much more refined and calcul ated. This movement is described as a new revival of classical antiquity (or ancient) (Janson, 1982: 557). This movement spanned over a near century in length. A good example to illustrate this movement is Davids painting, The Oath of Horatti. (Fig 7) Impressionism is the next period towards the present. The term Impression means (in painting) to make a mark with paint to give the idea (impression) of something. It does not mean that the observer can see the exact object it is a suggestion using colour through emotion. In the case of the artwork below (Fig , lighter shades of the same colour are almost dotted on to the canvas to give the effect of dappled shade. The impression of shade is evident. Scenes from the world of entertainment (Janson, 1982: 608) such as dancing halls, side cafà ©s, concerts and the theatre were the main subject choice of the impressionist painters. To look at a good example of form and its depiction in this movement, The Tub by the impressionist artist, Degas (Fig 10), is a great instance. A woman is bathing in a round bath tub. As the subject in the painting, her body utilizes the majority of the space. The brush strokes are quite harsh and quick, in a way that just by looking at the image they are clearly seen. This in turn causes a hazy, or out of focus effect to the painting. Even through this however, the observer can clearly see her form. Her shoulder bone is distinct causing a line of shadow on her back. Her ribs can too be seen from the way that she is bent over they are easily exposed under a persons skin. The harshness of the brush strokes in a way emphasizes her form. The use of light and dark (chiaroscuro) has the same effect. Although, when compared to Davids Oath of Horatti (Fig 7), there is a great difference in the way in which the artist painted. The Neo-Classicist work expresses static definition, where as in The Tub (Fig 10) more of an impression of the emotion of the painter (and subject) are conveyed through the rough brushstrokes and colour use. Moving on from paintings and routine sculptures comes the reasonably broad movement of Modernism/ 20th Century painting and sculpture. There are thousands of examples of a modernistic artwork. It has been debated whether or not this was a turning point in how and what artists considered art. Research in this topic shows a definite turning point in one artists work. Anthony Gormley is his name. The image below is of one of his most famous works, a human being lying on the ground in the foetal position on his/her back. Constructed in small, rectangular, metal blocks put together in such a way as to take on / imply the human form. In a way the figure looks almost lost and out of place, on what looks like a sidewalk. The fascinating fete about Gormleys work is that even though it is highly unrealistic, it is too perfectly realistic at the same time in that you can see all the essential details of human form. This of course refers to a more simplistic approach of the interpretation of the body, which in turn could speak about how the form was perceived and/or appreciated in this time. At this stage the depiction of the human form was already moving at a steady pace towards unrealistic simplicity. The movement of Cubism followed shortly after Modernism and materials being used, in fact, completely differed to that of most modernistic works. Picasso, being one of the most famous artists of all history for his cubist works, painted the human form countless times. This particular painting of his is a picture-perfect example of a cubist artwork. The woman is barely capable of being observed properly. The true form in this case as in most artworks of this movement has been lost and only shape (2D) is left behind. The completely angular rendering of the undeveloped figure again hints towards the use of more and more simplicity and basic form in artworks. Most of Picassos cubist works were painted around 1908 1910 (Janson, 1982). This was therefore a few short years before World War 1 began in the summer of 1914 (Janson, 1982). If one looks at the history, there was much tension and social upheaval evident. This was a turning point that changed artists views and opinions which only continued changing due to World War 2. Lastly, the final movement being discussed is the Pop Art movement. A lot of Pop Art pieces were done by the method of silk-screening. This places layers of different colour onto the page to obtain a bright, cartoon-like image. Nowadays you can see them in almost all comic strips for example. It is clear that the human form appears entirely two dimensional for the majority of the time (Fig 14). In (Fig 13) however a rare occasion of tonal value is evident. The form also only appears by itself, with no detailed background, focusing all of the observers attention on the subject. Subsequently, the depiction of the human body has developed and changed. This was due to the ever changing influence of specific ideologies current in each time period. By looking through all the movements mentioned above, there is evidence to state that even though there has been development artworks have gone back to their original state. There has been a loop of progress, yet we still arrive at the same conclusion. In early times before Christ, artworks and sculpture consisted of only necessary form. Now, in the present day, there is the same result.

Rocket Boys Memoir Passage Analysis

Rocket Boys Throughout the memoir about his youth, Homer Hickam in Rocket Boys demonstrates excellence in prose. Hickam, a former aerospace engineer from NASA, credibly and masterfully crafts his memoir so as to bring the reader into his mindset. His insightful descriptions of action enable the reader to experience the moment firsthand with him through their imagination. He carefully selects his words in order to create an image in the mind of the reader through his deliberate syntax, powerful diction, literary devices, and imagery. The following passage is an example of his powerful prose: Sherman wanted to light the fuse, but I worried whether he could get away from it fast enough. ‘Don’t you worry about me,’ he said with such intensity that I instantly gave in. In a lot of ways, Sherman was the least handicapped person I’d known. He lit the fuse and ran back to a rock. Flames burst from Auk II. It sat for a moment spewing smoke and sparks and rocking on its fins. Then it jumped ten feet into the air, turned and zipped into the woods behind us, ricocheted off an oak tree, rebounded back to the slack, twisted around once, twanged into the boulder Quentin and I were hiding behind, jerked twenty feet into the air, coughed once, and dropped like a dead bird. (Hickam 91) This passage is excellent because it displays literary excellence while also revealing a moment of self awareness in Hickam’s thoughts. There are two key portions to this quotation. The first is the momentary reflection that Hickam had concerning his friend, and the second being the description of Auk II’s flight. In the first half of the passage Hickam displays a moment of self awareness. Sherman Siers, a member of Hickam’s BCMA, had a left leg that had been damaged due to polio. Hickam states that at first he worried that Sherman that Sherman might not be able to retreat quickly enough after lighting the fuse to Auk II, but he gave in due to the confidence and zeal that Sherman possessed. In retrospect he writes â€Å"In a lot of ways, Sherman was the least handicapped person I’d known. † (91) Here Hickam realizes that what many people label as handicaps may be in fact the opposite. Sherman’s handicap caused him to rise to the challenge and in doing so he gained a confidence that empowered him through other challenges that everyone in life may face; to Sherman handicaps were merely a state of mind. The second half of the portion, which describes the flight of the rocket, is teeming with literary goodies; the first of which being the syntax of the sentences. The first of the goodies is the sentence syntax. In the sentences leading up to the rockets takeoff, you can see the sentence lengths are short and excited. Then it changes when it reaches the sentence: â€Å"It sat for a moment spewing smoke and sparks and rocking on its fins† (91). Just as the rocket is delayed sitting for a moment on the ground, the sentence length increases from that of the past sentences to show the delay through syntax. The final sentence is lengthy and jumbled with verbs all throughout it. The constant usage of verbs each following the other gives a very staccato rhythm making the sentence very quick paced and full of action. This final sentence has a whopping total of ten verbs that show the actions and path of the rocket. By looking at the structure of the sentence, one can almost see the rocket flying all over the place jerking this way and that and finally hitting the ground with a thud at the period. Other goodies in the later portion of the passage include the strong choice in diction and literary devices he employs. Hickam superior choice in diction is evident in the final two sentences. Hickam carefully chose each word according to its sound and meaning. He did not try to sophisticate his word choices to make himself seem intelligent. Instead he searched carefully for words that though simple to understand, create just the description for the rocket’s action. Some of the words like â€Å"twanged† (91) and â€Å"zipped† (91) are even examples of onomatopoeia; that is the words sound like what they mean. At the end of the final sentence Homer employs the simile â€Å"dropped like a dead bird† (91). This simile has a dual purpose as both a simile and a pun. This sentence brings an abrupt end to the crazy flight path of the rocket and creates a visual of the rocket plummeting to ground in the minds of the readers, yet at the same time it is a play on words. A pun is the usage of a word which has two meanings to invoke humor. In this case the word which has two meanings is the word â€Å"bird† (91). The name of the rocket, the Auk II, is an allusion to the Great Auk which is an extinct, flightless seabird. When Hickam used the phrase â€Å"dropped like a dead bird† (91), he meant to show the rocket’s rapid descent while also humorously referring back to the origin of he rocket’s name. The last sentence from the passage is an excellent example of imagery. Instead of merely telling the readers about the rocket’s launch, Hickam shows the rocket’s launch to his readers. Using phrases like â€Å"twanged into the boulder† (91) and â€Å"jerked twenty feet into the air† (91), Hickam invokes the senses of seeing and hearing to bring the reader firsthand into the action. Overall I really enjoyed reading Rocket Boys. The passages really brought me into Hickam’s mindset and I was able to see the world from his point of view. The frequent literary devices entertained my mind, while my imagination was absorbed in the imagery in the book. I was inspired by Sonny’s determination to succeed and make something of himself. I did not find any truly weak parts of this memoir as I personally was absorbed in every moment in it. However I can understand if some people were to find it dull or boring at times due to lack of action. Unfortunately many readers today read only for action and violence, so due to a general lack of these in Rocket Boys, many people might find it unentertaining. I would only recommend this to a person who reads to be inspired and not merely to be entertained. Personally I found myself captivated by the book’s imagery and unknowingly I found myself on a mission to find every little literary device possible. Throughout my reading I always viewed the book positively and eagerly read ahead to find out what would happen next. Rocket Boys is an excellent book that I found to be truly inspirational and has positively impacted on my view on my own life. Now I truly believe that if I work hard enough, I can achieve just about anything.

Essay on The History of Punishment - 1108 Words

Punishment is a brutal, severe feeling that has been around for centuries. Since the oldest civilizations till Today punishment has impact the world and how people live their life. Throughout generation to generation civilizations, countries have grown in crimes and punishment. Ancient punishments were harsher than Today’s punishments. In Middle ages, Ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia they’d cruel punishments that were more harsher, severe than Today’s. In the oldest civilizations people were inhumane. They’d committed the most brutal punishments. Today, we have jails and a faster way to die without pain. Before any jails, or guns people we chopped, cut into pieces, burned to death or boiled. They also were tortured to death in the†¦show more content†¦This code had about three hundred laws that discuss a range of subjects. Like divorce, adoption, homicide, assault, and other more. The Code of Hammurabi applied to three classes: amely, musking and ardu. The most significant law or rule of the Hammurabi’s code was â€Å"an eye for an eye.† The legal language, name is Lex Talionis. Lex Talionis (â€Å"eye for an eye†) covered many crimes such as bearing false witness. If a person falsely accused another person, the accuser would be punished instead. The Code of Hammurabi influenced legal system throughout Persia and the East for several centuries. Egypt developed a system of law that view right and wrong. The Egyptian justice belief was Maat. By the Maat, the pharaohs who authorize the punishments were expected to view everyone equal, except slaves. The pharaoh was who decided the most serious cases. They’d considered tomb robbery one of the most extremely wicked crimes but, this crime became so rampant that during the rule of Ramses IX they began robbing the pharaohs. Egyptian had variety of punishment such as beating, cutting ears, nose and hands. If a women was caught cheating she had her nose cut off. 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